Louisiana Coastal Hypoxia Shelfwide Survey, July 1993S

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Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

    Title: Louisiana Coastal Hypoxia Shelfwide Survey, July 1993S
    Abstract:
    Hydrographic data were collected during a July 24 - 30, 1993 survey of the Louisiana continental shelf. Nutrient, pigment, suspended sediment and station information data were also acquired.

  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Rabalais, N., Unknown, Louisiana Coastal Hypoxia Shelfwide Survey, July 1993S.

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.42
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.41
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.71
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.44
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Louisiana coastal waters, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico.

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 24-Jul-1993
    Beginning_Time: Unknown
    Ending_Date: 30-Jul-1993
    Ending_Time: Unknown
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Database

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):

      • Point (84)

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Degrees and decimal minutes.

      The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    S793Seabird
    The table lists values for SeaBird CTD station conductivity, density sigma-t, fluorometer voltage, dissolved oxygen, percent oxygen saturation, salinity, percent light transmission and temperature values at depths. There are 2312 records. (Source: None.)

    Cond
    Conductivity (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.907694
    Maximum:5.641359
    Units:S/m

    Density
    Density sigma-t (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.2025
    Maximum:26.0127
    Units:Density sigma-t

    Depth
    Depth of SeaBird pressure sensor (Source: Producer Defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.682
    Maximum:53.004
    Units:Meters

    Fluor
    Fluormeter voltage (Source: Producer Defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2125
    Maximum:6.415
    Units:volts

    Character field, generally numeric equivalent of text value except in 15 cases where ">10.0" indicates fluorometer was maximized.

    O2
    Dissolved oxygen (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.061
    Maximum:9.339
    Units:mg/L

    PctO2Sat
    Oxygen percent saturation (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.9
    Maximum:128.9
    Units:Percent

    PctXmiss
    Percent light transmission (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:7.4
    Maximum:93.2
    Units:Percent

    Sal
    Salinity (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:4.7578
    Maximum:36.6585
    Units:ppt

    Sta
    Station name of location sampled (Source: Producer defined)

    Character field

    StnID
    Station identification number (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1605
    Maximum:1687
    Units:Integer

    Temp
    Temperature (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:19.2108
    Maximum:33.3242
    Units:Degrees centigrade

    S793Nutrient
    The table lists values for station NH4, NO2, NO2+NO3, NO3, PO4 and SiO3 values at depths. There are 181 records. (Source: None.)

    Depth
    0 = bucket surface sample. Depth of SeaBird p sensor for mid-water samples. Depth of Hydrolab p-sensor for bottom samples. Midas = approximately 3 meters. Bot = may be extrapolated (see Attribute Accuracy). (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:52.6
    Units:Meters

    Character field.

    NH4
    Ammonium (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2
    Maximum:20.4
    Units:µg-at/L

    NO2
    Nitrite (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:6.4
    Units:µg-at/L

    NO2+NO3
    Nitrite+Nitrate (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:150
    Units:µg-at/L

    NO3
    Nitrate (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:149.1
    Units:µg-at/L

    PO4
    Phosphate (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:5.5
    Units:µg-at/L

    SiO3
    Silicate (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.3
    Maximum:167.7
    Units:µg-at/L

    Sta
    Station name of location sampled (Source: Producer defined)

    Character field

    StnID
    Station identification number (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1604
    Maximum:1687
    Units:Integer

    S793Pigment
    The table lists values for station mean chlorophyll a, Fo/Fa ratio, mean phaeopigment and total pigment values at depths. There are 264 records. (Source: None.)

    Depth
    0 = bucket surface sample. Depth of SeaBird p sensor for mid-water samples. Depth of Hydrolab p-sensor for bottom samples. Midas = approximately 3 meters. Bot = may be extrapolated (see Attribute Accuracy). (Source: Producer defined)

    Character field.

    MeanC
    Mean Chlorophyll a (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.06
    Maximum:23.92
    Units:µg/L

    MeanF
    Mean Fo/Fa ratio (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:2.05
    Units:FoFa ratio

    MeanP
    Mean Phaeopigments (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.01
    Maximum:20.2
    Units:µg/L

    Sta
    Station name of location sampled (Source: Producer defined)

    Character field

    StnID
    Station identification number (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1604
    Maximum:1687
    Units:Integer

    Total
    Total pigments (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.3
    Maximum:31.99
    Units:µg/L

    S793Stns
    The table lists values for station, date, fathometer, latitude, longitude, Secchi disk, time of Seabird cast, time of Hydrolab cast and station ID. There are 84 records. (Source: None.)

    Date
    Date station was sampled. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:19930724
    Maximum:19930730
    Units:YYYYMMDD

    Fath
    Estimated total depth of station from ship's fathometer, with addition of constant hull depth. (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:5
    Maximum:53
    Units:meters

    Latitude
    Latitude of sampling station. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:28.45
    Maximum:29.7065
    Units:Decimal degrees

    Longitude
    Longitude of sampling station. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:-93.4167
    Maximum:-89.4193
    Units:Decimal degrees

    Secchi
    Secchi disk depth in meters. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Character field. Stn J6 had a value of >13 meters.

    Sta
    Station name of location sampled. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Character field

    StnID
    Station identification number. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1604
    Maximum:1687
    Units:Integer

    Time
    Time of beginning of SeaBird CTD cast. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0:05
    Maximum:23:51
    Units:HH:mm

    S793Sal
    The table lists values for station, depth, salinity and stationID. There are 84 records. (Source: None.)

    Depth
    Depth of salinity sample. 0 = bucket sample. (Source: Producer defined.)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:meters

    Sal
    Salinity. (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5843
    Maximum:30.5472
    Units:ppt

    Sta
    Name of station sampled. (Source: Producer defined)

    Character field.

    StationID
    Station identification number. (Source: Producer defined)

    Range of values
    Minimum:1604
    Maximum:1687
    Units:Integer.

    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The related data tables S793Nutrient, S793Pigment, S793Sal, S793Seabird and S793Stns contain spatial, temporal, physical and biological water quality data acquired during the July 1993 cruise. Each table contains a StnID field that can be used to key joins with the other tables.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: For detailed attribute information contact Nancy Rabalais.

  8. What special analytical tools are available to help me understand this data set?

    Tool 0 of 11
    Autoanalyzer

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Unknown.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Tom Oswald
    110 Coastal Studies Coastal Ecology Institute LSU
    Baton Rouge, LA 70803

    225 388-6700 (voice)
    Unknown

    Tool 0 of 11
    Transmissometer

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions:
    Sea Tech, Inc. was acquired by Wet Labs, Inc. as of June 1, 1998. Contact Wet Labs, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Wet Labs, Inc.
    620 Applegate St.
    Philomath, OR 97370-0518
    US

    541 929-5650 (voice)

    Tool 0 of 11
    Beckman type dissolved oxygen sensor.

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
    1808 136th Place NE
    Bellevue, WA 98005
    USA

    425 643-9866 (voice)
    seabird@seabird.com

    Tool 0 of 11
    Conductivity sensor.

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
    1808 136th Place NE
    Bellevue, WA 98005
    USA

    425 643-9866 (voice)
    seabird@seabird.com

    Tool 0 of 11
    CTD

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
    1808 136th Place NE
    Bellevue, WA 98005
    USA

    425 643-9866 (voice)
    seabird@seabird.com

    Tool 0 of 11
    Temperature sensor.

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
    1808 136th Place NE
    Bellevue, WA 98005
    USA

    425 643-9866 (voice)
    seabird@seabird.com

    Tool 0 of 11
    Pressure sensor.

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
    1808 136th Place NE
    Bellevue, WA 98005
    USA

    425 643-9866 (voice)
    seabird@seabird.com

    Tool 0 of 11
    Fluorometer

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions:
    Sea Tech, Inc. was acquired by Wet Labs, Inc. as of June 1, 1998. Contact Wet Labs, Inc.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Wet Labs, Inc.
    620 Applegate St.
    Philomath, OR 97370-0518
    US

    541 929-5650 (voice)

    Tool 0 of 11
    Fathometer

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Japan Radio Co. Ltd.

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Japan Radio Co. Ltd.
    Akasaka Twin Tower (Main), 17-22, Akasaka 2-chome,
    Minato-ku,
    TOKYO, Unknown Unknown
    JAPAN

    81-3-3584-8836 (voice)

    Tool 0 of 11
    A navigation device that uses a GPS (Global Positioning System) when available and LORAN (a radio navigation system operated by the U.S. Coast Guard) when GPS is not available.

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Northstar Technologies

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Northstar Technologies Inc.
    Northstar Technologies
    Acton, Mass. 01720

    978-897-6600 (voice)
    service@northstarcmc.co

    Tool 0 of 11
    Laboratory salinometer.

    How to obtain this tool:

    How to access the tool:

    Tool_Access_Instructions: Contact Guildline Instruments

    Whom to contact for more information:

    Guildline Instruments
    103 Commerce Street, Suite 160
    Lake Mary, FL 32746
    US

    800-232-4536 (voice)
    sales@guildline.com


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    Rabalais, N.N., Turner, R.E. and Wiseman Jr, W.J. Funding: Funds for the research were provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP) program.

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Nancy N. Rabalais
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium 8124 Hwy 56
    Chauvin, LA 70344
    USA

    985 851 2800 (voice)
    985 851 2874 (FAX)
    Unknown


Why was the data set created?

The physical, biological and chemical data collected are part of a long-term coastal Louisiana dataset. The goal is to understand physical and biological processes that contribute to the causes of hypoxia and use the data to support environmental models for use by resource managers.


How was the data set created?

  1. What methods were used to collect the data?

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Field Pigment

    Water for chlorophyll analysis (50 - 100 ml) is filtered on board ship through GF/F (0.7 micron) filters, which are then fixed in 5 ml of DMSO/90% acetone (40/60) solution, allowed to extract for at least one hour in the dark, then measured pre- and post-acidification on a Turner Model 10 fluorometer.

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Field Station Locations

    Stations were occupied along 13 generally North-South transects across the Louisiana coastal shelf. Station depths ranged from 5 to 63 meters. The objective was to delimit and describe the area of midsummer bottom dissolved oxygen less than 2 (mg/L). Due to limitations of equipment, time and funding, this was not always possible. Northern end stations of transects were chosen based on the survey vessel's minimum depth limits for each longitude. The Northern extent of hypoxia was not reached on five transects. Optimally, one or two stations South of the Southern most station with bottom dissolved oxygen less than 2 (mg/L) were sampled. The limit of hypoxia on the Southern end of transect G was not reached.

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Field Nutrient

    Care was taken that the collector's hands were clean and avoided touching the water. Gloves were worn when three replicate sample vials and caps were triple rinsed with sample before vial filling and closing. Samples were not filtered. The sample vials were frozen for later analysis in the laboratory.

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Lab Nutrient

    Nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed according to methods described in EPA publication EPA 600/4-79-020 (1979), method 350.1 for ammonia-N, method 353.2 for nitrate/nitrite-N, and method 365.1 for phosphate-P. Silicate was analyzed according to Technicon Industrial method 186-72 W/B (1977).

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Lab CTD

    CTD data were post processed using Seasoft version 4026. All scans were processed without averaging or interpolation with a bin size of one scan. In order to improve alignment between oxygen sensor values and other CTD sensor values, the Seasoft module ALIGNCTD was used to determine which advance best compensated for the delay in oxygen sensor response time. When Seabird data were processed, dissolved oxygen was advanced relative to temperature and conductivity values: + 3.45 seconds. Data values reported are from downcasts. Downcast scans selected for each CTD station are chosen to illustrate: 1) data values as near to the surface as possible, 2) data values at whole meter increments, and 3) data values as close to the bottom as the CTD was lowered. In certain cases where data values of a parameter changed significantly between whole meter increments, 0.1-meter scans were selected.

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Lab Suspended Sediment

    Suspended sediment filters were dried 24 hours at 40 - 60 degrees centigrade for 24 hours. Filters were weighed. Total suspended sediments was derived from volume filtered, pre-weight and post weight values.

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Field water samples

    Water for chlorophyll, nutrient analyses, and salinity were collected from the surface by bucket, from mid-water in 5-l Niskin bottles on the Seabird CTD/rosette system, and from bottom in a 30-l bottom tripping Niskin bottle secured in a frame with the Hydrolab Surveyor 3. Depth of 0.00 or ""bucket"" indicates a bucket sample collected from the surface of the water. Deepest depths of water samples were from the bottom-tripping Niskin and (when available) correspond to the deepest depth recorded from the Hydrolab (see Attribute Accuracy). Other depths indicate the p-sensor reading for 5-l Niskin bottles on the rosette. p-sensor was located approx. 1 meter below the mid-point of the 5-l Niskin. Pigment sample depth values = ""midas"" indicate samples were collected from RV Pelican’s seawater flow-through system. The seawater intake was located in the sea chest approximately 3 meters below the surface.

    Method 0 of 8
    Type: Field Sal

    Water is collected in a triple-rinsed 500ml Nalgene jar from a twice rinsed bucket of surface water. The jar lid is closed tight. The jar is stored for later analysis in the laboratory.

  2. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  3. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    Unknown.


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Nutrient and Pigment bottom water samples were collected with a 30-liter bottom tripping Niskin bottle secured in a frame with a Hydrolab Surveyor 3 CTD. The data logger for the Surveyor 3 flooded mid-way through the cruise and the only available data were from hand-recorded surface and bottom values. Depth values of bottom pigment and nutrient samples based on the Surveyor 3 pressure sensor are given when available. The range of values between the station fathometer depth and the maximum Seabird CTD pressure sensor depth may be useful for extrapolation of approximate depth values for bottom nutrient and pigment samples.

    S793Nutrient: Nutrient analyses were conducted by Tom Oswald under the supervision of R. E. Turner

    S793Pigment: The Turner Designs model 10 fluorometer was calibrated for chlorophyll a against a chemical supply house chlorophyll a standard measured on a spectrophotometer yearly (or more frequently if needed). During the cruise, the Fluorometer was blanked and calibrated daily in accordance with Turner Designs recommended procedures. Chlorophyll concentrations were supervised and quality controlled by Nancy Rabalais.

    S793Seabird: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, percent oxygen saturation, conductivity, salinity, density, percent light transmission, fluorescence and depth were acquired with a SeaBird 911 CTD system that was used to obtain water column profiles at all stations.

    Oxygen concentration determinations, upper and lower end, were made prior to the cruise by the LUMCON CTD technician and entered into the SeaSoft configuration file. Winkler oxygen titrations were conducted during the cruise. A regression equation developed from Winkler titrations gave a strong, good relationship. A correction of the SeaBird oxygen data was not necessary.

    Negative density sigma-t values are reported for two depths at station A'2.

    Data reductions from the SeaBird were generated by Ben Cole and quality controlled by Nancy Rabalais.

    S793Sal: Salinity determinations for surface water samples were made by on a Guildine Autosal maintained by the LSU Coastal Studies Institute shop.

    S793Stns: Position coordinates were logged from RV Pelican’s Loran C/GPS. Station depths were logged from the ship’s fathometer.

    N. Rabalais performed an additional procedure in quality-control/quality-assurance by evaluating relationships between the data in S793Nutrient, S793Pigment, S793Sal, S793Seabird and S793Stns.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Station positions were logged from RV Pelican's NorthStar LORAN C/GPS at the beginning of sampling operations. GPS when it was available, LORAN when GPS was not available. Manufacturer's LORAN accuracy claim is 30 meters 90% of the time. Manufacturer's GPS accuracy claim is 100 meters 95% of the time. Wind, currents and tidal forces may have moved the ships from the beginning positions.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    Unknown.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Unknown


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
1. Dataset credit required. 2. Experience with similar datasets has shown that when data are plotted or used in further analysis, outlying values may occasionally be discovered. Please report any possible problems with the data to N. Rabalais.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    Nancy N. Rabalais
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium 8124 Hwy 56
    Chauvin, LA 70344
    USA

    985 851 2800 (voice)
    985 851 2874 (FAX)
    Unknown

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    I, the data requestor, agree to credit the data originators in any publications, reports or presentations generated from this data. I also accept that although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. I recognize that these data are best acquired from the originator and not from a secondary source. I recognize that careful attention must be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. I will not hold Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

  5. Is there some other way to get the data?

    Contact distributor


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 21-May-2002
Last Reviewed: 01-Jul-2002
To be reviewed: 15-Jun-2012

Metadata author:
Ben Cole
Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
LUMCON 8124 Hwy 24
Chauvin, LA 70344
USA

985 851 2800 (voice)
985 851 2874 (FAX)
Unknown

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)


Generated by mp version 2.6.2 on Mon Sep 09 15:38:48 2002
Created using the Automated Cast-net Metadata Entry Tool